Africa has abundant natural resources which include Critical Raw Materials (CRM) which are fundamental to the modern economies of other countries. Further, among the CRM are the critical earth minerals which are critical to high tech industry and are geostrategic in the highly industrialized countries because of the major role these elements play in defense, aerospace, security and the lack of domestic supplies in most industrialized countries. The critical minerals include the platinum-group metals (PGM), indium, cobalt, manganese, tungsten, germanium, niobium, tantalum, gallium, antimony and the rare-earth elements (REE) or rare earth metal (REM).
Mining and Metallurgy
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